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Thirukkural is a collection of Tamil poetic and philosophical verses composed by Thiruvalluvar which narrates the wisdom of Lord Krishna. தேர் பெ த க ی It is a spiritual masterpiece written in old Tamil, and extols the virtues of love, virtue, compassion. It comprises 31 chapters or kuralsas with verses on each chapter. Each kural consists of three stanzas with seven lines each followed by one couplet with six lines. The last line contains a comment on the theme of that chapter or kural which usually sums up its guiding philosophy. The Thirukkural has been translated into several languages such as Hindi, Malayalam, Telugu and English. Translations were also published in the West. Several commentaries sangams (reviews) were written about the Kural text and its features by Tamil scholars. Only a few copies of the original Tirukkural survived and they were found and collected during British colonial rule (18th century AD) from various parts of South India. The British colonial government of India ordered a compilation of the verses of Thirukkural for being included in the revised Tamil Oxford Dictionary. In the year 1834 a manuscript copy of Tirukkural was published by a British scholar named Robert Caldwell, who translated it from Tamil to English. Encouraged by this, in 1874 another British scholar, A. C. Champion translated Tirukkural into Hindi and published his translation under the title తెలుగ క వ ల ప వ । (Thēla kāva pava̍a). V.H. மிருக His translation of Thirukkural is widely recommended to English users of the basic, original Tamil text. The Tamil text was also translated into Hindi by Vakil Mudaliar in 1894 under the title "Thiru-Kural", but this is considered by some to be a crude translation that omits important or significant passages. Sadly, Thirukkural has also been translated in English by different persons, who have done so without any warrant for doing so. This has resulted in the representation of Thirukkural being in the grip of a corruption. It is sought to be replaced by other words in English to convey the meaning in that language. The different translators have also attempted to expand the meaning or spiritual impact of Thirukkural. The text has, however, been misinterpreted by them, resulting in it being misrepresented by these translators. The origin of this verse is attributed to Thiruvalluvar himself or his teacher Jaimin Chari or Arunagirinathar who were speculated to have written it down themselves or during their association with Thiruvalluvar. However, no independent evidence exists for this claim . cfa1e77820